Common vibration sensors include vibration acceleration sensors, vibration velocity sensors, and vibration displacement meters. Each type of sensor, based on different fundamental principles, can be further divided into various derivative categories. Generally speaking, for vibration detection, high-frequency applications typically use acceleration sensors, high-frequency applications use velocity sensors, and low-frequency applications use displacement meters. Therefore, in multifaceted experimental structures, the actual choice of sensors is determined by the structural resonance frequency and other characteristics. For small and medium-sized structures (such as aircraft, cars, and mechanical components), acceleration sensors are mostly used due to their wide frequency range, broad selection coverage, and ease of installation and operation. However, for large structures, such as highway bridges and dams, China primarily utilizes vibration velocity sensors developed by the Mechanical Foundation Research Institute of the China Earthquake Administration, as these sensors have high sensitivity and low frequency values. In multifaceted detection, displacement meters are rarely used (I've never seen them used in 10 years of experience); however, in overseas countries (Europe and the United States), force-balance type acceleration sensors are often used for large structures (such as flyovers). I have reviewed many overseas references, and the quality of the signals in the articles is significantly poorer than those we produce with velocity sensors, particularly evident in the many frequency edge ripples. This is because instantaneous velocity is not sensitive to low-frequency vibrations. In summary, if the structure is small (such as aircraft, cars, and mechanical components), and the frequency is relatively high, it is recommended to use acceleration sensors; if the structure is large (such as highway bridges, dams, buildings, and wind turbines), and the frequency is very low, it is recommended to use velocity sensors.
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