Lithium-ion batteries experience volume changes during the charging and discharging process. As lithium ions are extracted from the cathode material and inserted into anodes like graphite, stress is generated due to the expansion of these anode active materials. The uneven arrangement of anode active materials, such as graphite particles of varying sizes, within the anode sheet leads to uneven stress during lithium insertion. This uneven stress causes the anode sheet to expand asymmetrically and皱 the interface. Interface creases result in poor contact between the anode sheet and separator, and during subsequent cycles, the creases worsen into lithium plating and accelerate the process. Lithium plating on the anode sheet not only reduces battery capacity but also poses serious safety risks. Therefore, optimizing the cell structure is necessary to improve the creasing phenomenon at the fully charged interface of the anode sheet.

With the continuous development of electric vehicle technology, the application of power lithium-ion batteries has become increasingly widespread. However, uneven roads can cause vibrations in electric vehicles, which in turn lead to vibrations in the onboard power lithium-ion batteries. Over time, this can cause slight misalignment of the positive and negative electrodes, reducing the effective area of positive alignment and resulting in a decrease in battery capacity. To date, there are no effective measures to improve the misalignment of the positive and negative electrodes caused by vibrations.