The Data Center Terminal Intelligent Busbar, utilizing modern communication network monitoring technology,实时monitors the temperature rise and electrical operation parameters of the busbar, analyzes and stores the collected real-time data, uploads it to the Data Center ECC Monitoring Center, and issues alarm and warning messages. These are conveyed to operations management through audio and visual interface dialogue windows for timely fault identification. The Data Center Terminal Intelligent Busbar power supply system has significant advantages over the traditional distribution busbar and power cable configuration. The distribution method at the end of the distribution busbar and power cable involves the UPS output distribution cabinet connecting power cables to the busbar, which is then controlled by the main circuit breaker to switch control over individual branch circuit breakers. Ultimately, it supplies power to IT equipment cabinets through PDU power strips. If the power parameter monitoring unit of the distribution busbar encounters a fault, the associated cabinets may lose monitoring, posing a single point of failure. If a server crashes during this period and cannot be effectively and promptly addressed, severe consequences may arise.

Intelligent Busbar System Architecture and Features for Terminal Power Supply

The intelligent busbar architecture for end-of-row power supply in the data center is illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Data Center End-of-Line Power Intelligent Busbar Architecture Diagram

The power supply terminal box is primarily composed of a metallic shell and internal insulating components. The shell can be drilled to meet actual distribution installation requirements, providing space for busbars to accommodate cables or busbars: multiple series with specifications ranging from 100-800A offer various options. Busbar lengths are available in 1m, 2m, and 3m sections, and can also be customized to fit on-site needs. The intelligent busbar slot has a protection rating of IP2X or higher, effectively preventing fingers or solid objects with a diameter greater than 12.5mm from entering the housing. The busbar shell is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy, with a wall thickness of not less than 4mm, offering high strength and resistance to deformation; the conductors are made of high-purity electrolytic copper (≥99.97%), featuring low resistance and minimal temperature rise; the insulating components are sheathed with modified PVC, with a temperature resistance of over 120℃, ensuring a high safety factor.

Busbar Advantages: Track-style main structure, simple and clear, with high safety; Rotatable plug-in box with live insertion and removal, quick installation: plug-in boxes can be inserted anywhere along the busbar干线, offering high flexibility; Double neutral structure to better cope with harmonic effect; Full electrical parameter intelligent detection module to ensure the reliability, safety, and intelligence of the terminal power supply system.

Connector Box Unit Features: Rotating plug-in design, tool-free; Tin bronze rolled-socket flexible pins; Optional 1P/2P/3P switches; Capable of one-to-one or one-to-many configurations (single-pole switch for a single cabinet, three-pole switch for three cabinets); Equipped with modules for monitoring electrical parameters such as voltage and current.

Comparison of Power Cable and Smart Busbar Terminal Power Supply in Power Distribution Line Cabinet

Figure 2 shows the layout of the power distribution system at the end of the data center.

Figure 2: Data Center Power Distribution System Layout at the End

The data center's end-of-line power distribution cabinets utilize a radial power supply and distribution system. The UPS total output power distribution cabinets are directly radiated to the power distribution cabinets and IT equipment cabinets. Its advantages include independent power supply for each load, which allows for the removal of fault circuits in the event of a system failure, thus reducing the scope of power outages and not affecting other circuits, fully meeting the national technical requirements for IT equipment's critical load power supply as stipulated by relevant standards. However, its drawbacks are numerous: many branch lines, high consumption of non-ferrous metal conductors, complex construction and installation techniques, and poor system scalability, which cannot meet the power supply capacity requirements of different businesses. During phased implementation, it is necessary to install the end-of-line power cables all at once, resulting in poor system flexibility. Additionally, in traditional power distribution cabinets and power cable-based power supply and distribution systems, the power distribution cabinets require occupying space resources within the data center.

As shown in Figure 3, the power cable topology of the power distribution unit in the data center is as follows. Drawbacks: Long and difficult installation period under the cable floor, with difficulties in subsequent maintenance and management; Limited space in the busbar cabinet, with poor flexibility for later modifications; Dense cable laying can easily cause temperature rise, posing a fire hazard; Cable laying under the raised floor affects the cooling effect; The busbar cabinet occupies cabinet space, resulting in wasted land costs.

Figure 3: Data Center Power Distribution Busbar Electrical Cable Topology Diagram

The intelligent busbar power supply and distribution system in the data center employs a trunk-style power supply and distribution system, connecting the UPS main distribution panel to each IT equipment cabinet with two trunk lines (intelligent busbars). Its advantages include relatively low consumption of non-ferrous metal conductors, quick and convenient installation, plug-and-play functionality, flexible system expansion, and the ability to meet the personalized power consumption capacity requirements of various tenant users, making it easy to expand and modify. Compared to power cables, intelligent busbars offer higher reliability, a longer engineering life cycle, and are reusable. However, the drawback is that when a fault occurs in the trunk line of the intelligent busbar, the impact range is large, but the probability of trunk line failure is very low.

The intelligent busbar topology diagram of the data center's end-of-line power distribution is as shown in Figure 4. Advantages: Eliminates power distribution headers, saving floor space and gaining more profitable cabinets; switch control and data collection are distributed in the starting box and various junction boxes, avoiding mutual interference; avoids the laying of strong electricity under the suspended floor, resulting in less active heating, reducing the burden on cooling, and effectively lowering the energy consumption and PUE value of the data center; easy and quick installation, significantly shortening the construction period; junction box modularization allows for real-time adjustment of branch quantity and capacity; internal copper busbars for transmission, offering higher safety performance.

Figure 4: Data Center Terminal Power Distribution Intelligent Busbar Topology Diagram

Design for Power Distribution at the End of IT Equipment in a B-Class Data Center

Figure 5 illustrates the power distribution architecture system diagram of a B-grade data center.

Figure 5: Distribution Architecture System Diagram of a B-Class Data Center

The terminal power distribution system diagram and the electrical monitoring system diagram of a B-grade data center are shown in Figures 6 and 7, respectively.

Figure 6: Diagram of the terminal power distribution system for a B-grade data center

Figure 7: Electrical Monitoring System Diagram of a B-Class Data Center

Each cabinet's IT equipment is estimated to consume 4KW of electricity. The power distribution system within the机房 employs low-smoke, halogen-free power cables, with cables from the power distribution unit to the equipment cabinets also being low-smoke, halogen-free power cables. All equipment cabinets within the机房 are powered by a dual-circuit system, with each cabinet equipped with 2 PDU modules. The dual-circuit power supply system runs from the 2N dual-bus configured UPS output cabinet to the cabinets via busbars (power cables are used for the transition from the busbars to the ceiling-mounted intelligent busbars). The busbars connect to the cabinets using junction boxes and power cables. The junction boxes are fitted with circuit breakers and monitoring, lightning protection modules, and feature switches for remote monitoring of current, power, and other parameters, which are then uploaded to the ECC monitoring center at the data center.

The data center's end-of-line power distribution utilizes intelligent busbar technology, offering flexible power capacity to meet the personalized business needs of various tenants. The construction and installation are convenient and adaptable, with a simple and quick deployment. To effectively conserve data center space resources, the end-of-line high-voltage switch cabinets have been eliminated, allowing for the addition of one IT equipment cabinet at the original distribution switch cabinet location. Typically, around two distribution switch cabinets are required for every 40 IT equipment cabinets. By removing the distribution switch cabinets, the number of IT equipment cabinets can be increased by approximately 2/40. Taking a 400-rack IT equipment room as an example, the original requirement for 20 switch cabinets can now accommodate 420 IT equipment cabinets with the intelligent busbar system. For data centers leasing out cabinets, with a rental fee of 80,000 RMB per year per cabinet, this results in an additional economic benefit of 1.6 million RMB. This effectively enhances the space utilization and economic efficiency of the data center. The adoption of the intelligent busbar system, with cable routing above the cabinets, reduces fire safety hazards associated with electrical wiring under the raised floor, and facilitates maintenance. This provides a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the data center, significantly improving the reliability of power supply operations and the level of automation in management.

Ankorri's Precision Power Distribution and Monitoring System Solution

4.1 Overview

With the rapid development of data centers, the issue of energy consumption has become increasingly prominent. Energy management and power distribution design in data centers have become hot topics. A reliable data center power distribution system is an effective way to improve energy efficiency and reduce equipment energy consumption. To achieve energy conservation in data centers, it is first necessary to monitor each electrical load. However, with a large number of load circuits in data centers, traditional measurement instruments fail to meet requirements in terms of cost, size, installation, and construction. Therefore, a multi-circuit monitoring device suitable for data center centralized monitoring is required.

4.2 Application Sites

Suitable for data centers in the telecommunications, finance, internet, and corporate sectors.

4.3 System Structure

1) Networking

2) Direct Current

4.4 System Features

1) Homepage

Upon launching the homepage, users can access features such as incoming line parameters, switch status, outgoing line parameters, and alarm inquiries. Pressing buttons allows navigation to individual function interfaces for viewing.

2) Input Parameter Monitoring

Monitor three-phase voltage, current, and system frequency on the main road; individual and total active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor; active and reactive energy; degree of imbalance in current and voltage; harmonic content of current and voltage; and maximum demand.

3) Wire Parameter Monitoring

Voltage, current, active power, active energy, power factor rated current settings, phase current values; load percentage; maximum demand.

4) Switch Status

The left column displays the main circuit switch status, including the main circuit breaker tripping (SD) status, lightning protection switch status, and lightning protection fault point status, which are set to passive detection points by default. The breaker is green when open and red when closed. All switches to the right of the main circuit are branch circuit switch statuses; they are set to active detection points by default, with the breaker red when closed and green when open.

5) Alarm Inquiry

The current alarm interface allows for viewing real-time and historical alarms; switch quantity action alarms; scheduled storage of any data; alarm thresholds for overcurrent in input lines exceeding two segments, with customizable alarm values; alarms for overvoltage, undervoltage, phase loss, overfrequency, and low-frequency limits; audio-visual alarm function.

4.5 System Hardware Configuration

Ankoray's 5-Axis Intelligent Busbar Monitoring Solution

5.1 Overview

Data center IT server power distribution traditionally used precision distribution cabinets, which occupied a large amount of space, had numerous power cables, and made it inconvenient to add new equipment. To save space, the intelligent busbar scheme, which does not take up机房 area and allows for flexible on-demand insertion and removal, has been favored by many data centers and is being increasingly applied.

The Anke smart busbar monitoring products are divided into two categories: AC and DC busbar monitoring, including start box monitoring modules, connector box monitoring modules, and touch screens. Additionally, they can be paired with busbar channel connector infrared temperature measurement modules to monitor the operation temperature of busbars, ensuring the safety of busbar distribution. Through simple networking with standard Ethernet cables, data communication can be maintained for any connector box during maintenance or replacement without affecting other online connector boxes.

5.2 Application Locations

Suitable for data centers in the telecommunications, financial, internet, and corporate sectors.

5.3 System Structure

5.4 System Features

1) Real-time Monitoring

After clicking the Data Collection button on the homepage, you will enter the System Diagram interface: This interface displays the voltage of each box.

2) Basic Parameters Interface

Display voltage, current, power, and electrical energy data. Simply input the instrument address corresponding to this box in the input field next to the equipment address, and you can collect the data of the instruments within the box.

3) Harmonic Data

Navigate through the 2-63 harmonic data by clicking the "arrow" to switch left or right.

4) High demand

Display high-volume numerical values and occurrence times for voltage, current, and power.

5) Electricity Query

You can check the monthly electricity consumption for each month in December, the total electricity consumption for the previous year, the electricity consumed this year, and query electricity values based on different time periods selected.

5.5 System Hardware Configuration

6 Conclusion

This article introduces the technical performance of the intelligent busbar system at the end of data center power distribution and the power distribution system in the form of power distribution cabinets. Through case studies, the advantages of the intelligent busbar system at the end are further clarified, and an analysis is provided of the power cable scheme for the power distribution cabinets and the power distribution scheme for the intelligent busbar system. The adoption of an intelligent busbar system with greater flexibility, enhanced safety, and reliability will be more suitable for the development needs of the new infrastructure data center industry.