Summary: The reliability issues of the UPS power supply system in the broadcasting and television data center机房 encompass numerous elements. Electrical professionals, during the design, planning, and control of the power supply system, must complete various structural designs based on the actual power consumption load of the data center. This article provides a brief analysis of the classification of equipment in the data center机房 and its power supply characteristics, offers a detailed explanation of the current distribution issues of power supply system reliability, and proposes key measures to enhance the efficiency of UPS power supply, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the entire system operation.
Keywords: Data Center; UPS; Reliability
Introduction
The reliability of the power supply system directly affects the normal operation of equipment in the broadcasting and television data center, involving the quality of information storage, program recording and editing, transmission, and audio-visual data production and broadcasting. To ensure that the UPS power supply system of the data center operates more scientifically, safely, and reliably, it is particularly important for electrical professionals to carry out top-level design in the current layout planning and management of the data center's UPS power supply system. This involves clarifying various technical indicators and elements, combining lean and refined control measures, and defining management standards to ensure the normal operation of the power supply system.
Data Center Equipment Classification and Power Supply Characteristics Analysis
The power equipment in the Guangdian Data Center's server room is divided into single power and redundant power systems. Specifically, a single power system refers to a single power module. When there are power supply issues with the server room equipment, it is usually due to a fault in the power supply itself. In this case, the facility will be in a standby state. The redundant power system, also known as dual power equipment, is composed of multiple power modules. This system is powered by multiple sources to bear the entire system's power load. If a power module group malfunctions or fails to supply power normally, the remaining modules can provide the corresponding power load, ensuring the equipment's normal operation.
Allocation of power system reliability
Under normal circumstances, a power supply system encompasses multiple devices and facilities, such as lightning arresters, cables, switches, UPS systems, battery packs, PDUs, and various connectors. Each component and device must possess high reliability and stability to ensure the entire power supply system functions as intended. During the process of allocating and managing the reliability of the power supply system, electrical technicians must adhere strictly to the principle of bottleneck control. The overall operational reliability of the system often hinges on the reliability of a single component or stage. Therefore, in the allocation and management of power supply system reliability, resources and management must be strictly allocated based on the less reliable stage. This is necessary to ensure the system operates effectively, such as commonly configuring a 65A circuit breaker at the 10kV UPS output end. In electronic systems, electrical technicians must also ensure that all system stages are securely connected. Specifically, since the common single-phase 10kV rated current is 45A, to enhance the system's 20% overload capacity, a 65A switch is typically chosen for system protection. If there are special requirements in this stage, the current value must be recalculated.盲目 selecting a 32A or 100A circuit breaker would not meet the system's operational needs. For instance, choosing a 32A circuit breaker would lead to frequent load interruptions, while a 100A circuit breaker could cause a short circuit at the output end, rendering the power source unprotected. In summary, if the allocation of reliability current values does not meet the specific operational needs of the system equipment, it can result in the system experiencing malfunctions or unintended actions.
Through on-site research and analysis, it is apparent that during the distribution and management of reliability in the entire data center power supply system, electrical technicians must integrate the overall reliability values of various equipment and facilities to complete comprehensive evaluation and control. This includes, for instance, analyzing the operational reliability of the system surge protectors, cable facilities, switchgears, generators, UPS systems, battery banks, PDUs, and the reliability of all other equipment. Subsequently, by multiplying the operational reliability of each structural unit and component, and then assigning specific function values for analysis, the overall reliability of the system can be determined.
Principles for Selecting UPS Systems in Power Supply Systems
3.1 Select high-efficiency equipment
UPS, as an indispensable key component in the power supply system, requires electrical engineers to prioritize the operational reliability of the system when selecting related equipment. They must also consider the external operating environment of the equipment, striving to control issues related to high temperatures. Statistics show that if the temperature of UPS equipment rises, the activity of internal electronic components will double, leading to a further reduction in the lifespan of these components. Therefore, managing the internal temperature of the UPS power supply system can enhance the reliability and stability of the equipment. However, to manage the internal temperature, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive论证 analysis of the equipment's power consumption. In short, the operating power of the equipment is not the lower, the better, nor is it the higher, the better. To maximize the performance of the equipment, technicians must consider the overall operational needs of the system and set the equipment's load power appropriately.
Specifically, in the two common UPS circuit structures—conventional frequency machines and high-frequency machines—different devices have varying linear input specifications at both the output and input ends. Additionally, they exhibit different power factors. Statistics indicate that conventional frequency UPS systems generally consume more power than high-frequency UPS systems. Moreover, there are differences in cost between the two. Furthermore, conventional frequency UPS input inverters typically employ full-bridge circuits. In practical applications, to achieve the actual performance of the conventional frequency UPS, it is necessary to appropriately increase isolation transformers. Conversely, for high-frequency UPS inverters, these devices usually utilize half-bridge circuits, thus the spatial and structural layouts of these facilities can function effectively without the need for transformer isolation.
Therefore, it can be observed that due to more structural losses, the transformer loss values of the power frequency machine system are also further increased. From the perspective of fault theory, it can be seen that the more equipment and facilities in the entire system, the higher the fault rate of the entire system will be. Consequently, the probability of failure for power frequency machines is higher than that for high-frequency machines. Therefore, when selecting the system, engineers and technicians should adhere to the principle of reducing structural complexity and improving the stability of the entire system operation to complete the arrangement of system equipment, thereby reducing the power loss of the equipment.
3.2 Select low-noise equipment
Typically, to ensure a power system operates more scientifically and stably, electrical technicians must strictly control equipment noise. Excessive noise can also make the operational environment overly complex, severely affecting the operator's mood, thereby reducing work efficiency and potentially leading to operational errors. However, due to the destruction of the original voltage waveform by frequency converter UPS input circuits, it can cause electromagnetic interference to other equipment. Additionally, inductors and transformers produce a significant amount of audible noise during operation, worsening the operational environment. Generally, frequency converters are used with modulation frequencies around 10kHz, which fall within the range of human hearing, severely disrupting the work environment. High-frequency machines, on the other hand, usually have modulation frequencies set above 20kHz, outside the range of human hearing, ensuring a quieter work environment for staff. Therefore, when analyzing power supply reliability, it is crucial to select equipment with appropriate modulation frequencies. Currently, high-frequency UPS power supply equipment with frequencies above 20kHz is relatively common in data center server rooms. Overall, when selecting and using UPS power supply systems, engineers and technicians must consider the entire system's power consumption and noise levels to enhance the system's overall operational efficiency.
Analysis of Ways to Enhance Power Supply Reliability
4.1 UPS Input and Output Control Forms
During the process of controlling the input/output forms of UPS, electrical technicians must conduct multifaceted argumentation and exploration. Generally, when managing and controlling the UPS power supply system, the focus is on the imbalance issue of three-phase load current. To enhance the stability of three-phase output, engineers and technicians can employ three-input single-output UPS units to improve the overall efficiency of the system's operation. Considering the imbalance issues caused by single-input single-output for the entire input substation, the current three-phase output UPS is typically equipped with the ability to handle three-phase load imbalance. In the event of imbalance, the voltage imbalance is only a slight fluctuation. However, the three-input single-output UPS power supply mode offers better operational stability and reliability. For instance, when the output power is at 90kVA, normal three-phase input ensures that each line can input 30kVA of current, thereby achieving a balanced state of the entire system's operation. If there are overloads or equipment failures at the UPS output end, it can lead to power shortages, causing continuous fluctuating loads. In this stage, the circuit control switches within the entire system equipment will selectively close. However, if the incoming current level to the related switches is too high, it can result in a complete power outage.
To prevent such issues, engineers and technicians must appropriately increase the magnitude of the input circuit values. For instance, the input values at the input terminals can be tripled, raising the rated input to 90kVA. The additional circuit values far exceed the power supply needs of the data center, yet they would impose a significant load on the upstream power utility. Therefore, simply increasing the capacity of a three-input, single-output (3+1) UPS structure will not resolve the issue of low system reliability. Currently, selecting a fixed rating of 30kVA or less for the 3+1 UPS structure is relatively suitable. In managing the capacity, the n+x modular redundancy structure can be combined with parallel UPS modules, leveraging parallel circuits to promptly switch faulty modules, thereby reducing the comprehensive fault issues caused by the faulty modules to the entire system and enhancing the reliability and stability of the entire system's operation.
4.2 Series Single Bus Power Supply Mode
To enhance the efficiency of UPS power supply, it is common to combine multiple UPS systems, such as using the main unit and standby unit in parallel for power control. Generally, the standby unit serves as a bypass power source for the main unit. Both the main and standby units receive municipal power supply. The standby unit, as a bypass, often bears the power load during the main unit's abnormal state. When there is a running fault in the equipment of the main unit, the UPS standby unit takes over the power supply load of the faulty module. If the main unit is in normal power supply, the standby unit operates in an unloaded state. For such power supply methods, without the need for redundant UPS system expansion, it can improve the stability and reliability of the entire system operation. However, at this stage, engineers and technicians must ensure that the UPS main unit has the corresponding static bypass output and input terminals to guarantee normal power supply for both the main and standby units. This structure is relatively simple, enabling the equipment to operate normally while also reducing the main unit's operating load. The standby unit can more scientifically handle sudden overload changes, maintaining a long-term stable operation of the main unit. During this process, technicians can also switch the status of the main and standby units, using the standby unit as the main unit and the main unit as the standby unit, to reduce the system's operating load and improve the reliability and stability of the equipment. Moreover, this power supply management model has a lower cost, enabling more effective maintenance and control of the system. During on-site debugging, installation, and management, technicians must implement scientific and reasonable maintenance management, performing regular operations and maintenance control on both the main and standby units to enhance the overall operational efficiency.
4.3 Dual Bus Power Supply Mode
In data center power distribution systems, the use of dual-bus power supply mode is relatively common, meeting the demand for safer, more reliable, and efficient operation of the power supply system, enhancing the overall safety coefficient of the system. The dual-bus power supply mode does not impose high requirements on the spatial environment of on-site facilities or capital investment. Under the dual-bus power supply management model, simplified equipment management can be achieved even with limited space resources. The traditional dual-bus power supply mode, combined with two UPS power supply systems, provides multiple power loads for the entire system. For instance, by integrating two UPS systems, input the corresponding municipal power at the input end, complete dual-power supply loads, and utilize STS switches for comprehensive system control.
Under normal circumstances, when a UPS encounters a fault, it can generally maintain the overall system load to meet the requirements. However, for a single UPS system device to support the entire system's load, with two devices supplying power, they should each bear half of the electrical load. By employing this dual-power supply load management model, the system's safety and stability can be significantly enhanced. This also helps to moderately reduce the operating pressure on UPS devices, extending their lifespan. The dual-bus power supply scheme, combined with parallel redundancy design, and this power management approach can also mitigate adverse effects from external environmental factors. Specifically, in a series circuit, each additional link adds a potential fault point. A single fault line can often involve numerous components such as circuit breakers, switches, fuses, and PDUs. Any failure in a switch or node can disrupt the normal flow of current. To effectively address these issues, integrating the dual-bus and parallel redundancy solutions can achieve favorable control outcomes. This can be achieved by incorporating multiple municipal power inputs, utilizing multiple UPS devices, and appropriately arranging the output distribution panels. A comprehensive control of the various switches is implemented to control the load from multiple dimensions and levels, enhancing the system's operation level and power efficiency. However, during this process, engineers and technicians must conduct a comprehensive evaluation and control of single and dual-power supply loads, ensuring that the overall design is more scientific and reliable.
Introduction to Equipment Selection for 5AnkeRui Environmental and Power Monitoring System
5.1 Electric Power Monitoring Solution
The power monitoring system provides functions such as surveillance, measurement, recording, and alarm for low-voltage power distribution systems, UPS, battery banks, ATS/STS, precision power distribution cabinets, power branch currents, PDU cabinet power, and other critical equipment within the data center. It enables real-time monitoring of the power supply system's operation and potential issues, quickly resolves faults, and enhances the reliability of the data center's power supply.
5.2 Power Monitoring System Equipment Selection
6 Summarize
Overall, during the exploration and discussion of the reliability issues of the UPS power supply system for broadcasting and television data center rooms, electrical engineering technicians need to improve infrastructure based on the actual operation and characteristics of the current 10kV power supply system, and innovate the existing power supply system to enhance the overall efficiency of the power supply system.
