GatesWhen selecting the gate type, it is necessary to consider the gate's operational nature, installation location, operating conditions, gate span, opening and closing forces, and construction cost, in conjunction with the gate's characteristics. Reference should be made to existing operational experience and a technical-economic comparison should be made to determine the choice. The flat gate and the arch gate are commonly used gate types. Large and medium-sized overhead and submerged gates typically use arch gates, especially for high-head deep-hole working gates. When used as emergency gates or maintenance gates, flat gates are generally preferred. A maintenance or emergency gate is often set in front of the working gate. For high-head water discharge gates, which frequently undergo dynamic water operations or partial openings, measures should be taken to reduce gate vibration and cavitation phenomena, improve hydraulic conditions, and consider the impact of dynamics on different components, as well as to analyze and study the gate body's stiffness and dynamic characteristics. The manufacturing and installation precision of the gate leaf and embedded parts should be strictly controlled. When the gate channel flow state is complex or the body shape is special, in addition to referring to successful existing operational tests, water engineering model tests should be conducted to address potential vibration and cavitation issues, in order to select an appropriate gate channel body shape.