Summary: In the early stages of sports facility development, attention was primarily focused on the architectural form of sports venues. As sports architecture has evolved, there is an increasing emphasis on the functionality, equipment, safety and comfort, and environmental sustainability of sports sites. Intelligent systems are now being integrated into sports facility construction, with smart lighting being a crucial component of these systems. In sports events, table tennis training and competitions have higher lighting requirements, as the condition of the lighting system on the court directly impacts the athletes' performance. Consequently, this article analyzes the characteristics of sports lighting systems and the advantages of using smart lighting systems, discusses the construction of an intelligent lighting system model for table tennis courts, and analyzes the key issues to be addressed in the smart lighting systems for table tennis venues, thereby providing a favorable environment for table tennis sports and competitions.
Keywords: Smart Lighting System; Gymnasium; Table Tennis Competition Venue
Introduction
In recent years, our country has hosted various sports events of different scales, and the improvement and construction of sports facilities have gradually expanded, especially driven by the successful hosting of the 2008 Games. With a plethora of sports disciplines in our nation, every sport relies on a well-functioning lighting system.乒乓球, in particular, demands high lighting standards. Research has shown that if there are issues with the lighting systems in ping pong venues, such as inappropriate brightness or不合理 fixture arrangement, it can negatively impact the athletes' vision, causing irritation to their eyes. These factors can significantly hinder athletes from performing at their normal level, thus necessitating research into the lighting systems for ping pong competition venues.
1. Overview of Stadium Lighting System
1.1 Current Status
Many gymnasiums currently in use still face numerous issues with their lighting systems, primarily including: (1) Control methods are predominantly manual, which hinders lighting management and leads to human errors, such as forgetting to turn off the power, resulting in unnecessary consumption. (2) The brightness of the lights in gyms cannot be adjusted; it generally remains constant, which can be a significant distraction for athletes, as excessive or insufficient brightness can affect them. (3) Different athletes have varying requirements for lighting brightness; some are not sensitive to strong lights and prefer dimmer lighting, while others may experience discomfort like eye strain or dizziness under the same lighting. This necessitates a humanized design approach, with two types of adjustment methods: one based on lighting needs and another based on the athlete's personal adjustments. This allows the lighting system to intelligently regulate according to the athlete's needs while avoiding energy waste due to forgotten power shutdowns.
1.2 Features
The gymnasium's lighting and control systems feature the following characteristics: (1) Due to the large gym space, power supply facilities cannot be centralized, especially the placement of power distribution boxes, which are scattered. However, there is still a requirement for unified management of power supply. (2) The lighting in gymnasiums typically uses metal halide or halogen lamps, with single-lamp power ratings usually ranging from 400 to 2000W. Different venues have varying lighting requirements; gymnasium lighting primarily utilizes 1000W fixtures, while sports stadium lighting generally uses 2000W or 1800W fixtures. (3) The differing needs for lighting control combinations among users vary. For example, during sports competitions, large-scale exhibitions, and employee annual meetings, there are significant differences in lighting requirements across different environments. (4) In the construction of gymnasiums, there is a gradual shift towards intelligence, with continuous improvements in intelligence and integration. Remote control and cross-control technologies for lighting systems are being constantly refined, and the integration with other systems is becoming a trend.
Initially, circuit breakers and contactors were used for lighting control, primarily through non-standardized lighting cabinets. This control method involved numerous pipelines, posing significant challenges for installation and maintenance. In light of current lighting system installation requirements, this control approach is clearly no longer suitable. Now, gymnasiums demand differentiated intelligent control for their lighting systems, selecting the corresponding intelligent control systems based on different lighting equipment.
2. Advantages of Smart Lighting Control System Application
The construction of gymnasiums typically requires a large area and a substantial number of lighting fixtures, with specific requirements for lighting methods. For instance, the control distance for lighting fixtures should be considerable, yet the color, brightness, and glare of the lighting system must comply with national standards. Therefore, gymnasiums should opt for convenient smart lighting control systems for easy installation and maintenance.
The intelligent lighting control system primarily utilizes a distributed decentralized control method. This method constructs the system mainly through an internet communication platform, hierarchically designing the complex control system, with each level assuming its own responsibilities. The inter-level connections are designed using modular methods, thereby forming connection channels between each level. This approach offers distinct advantages in controlling the lighting systems of gymnasiums, enabling real-time monitoring of the lighting system, comprehensive control, and the ability to monitor circuits, lamp usage, and issues in the lighting system in real-time. It also allows for adjustments and changes to lighting needs for different sports scenarios, greatly facilitating staff and enhancing lighting effects. The intelligent lighting control system features the following characteristics: (1) Simplified wiring and maintenance. The bus system allows each distribution box to be connected to the main control center with just one standard bus, controlling wiring costs and solving issues with power radius constraints and complex installation processes. The system has real-time tracking and fault checking capabilities, allowing operators to observe lighting conditions through a graphic and text interface on the display screen, reducing labor costs and limiting overall installation costs. (2) The control solution is highly adaptable and user-friendly. The system's ability to control in real-time, the number of objects, and the flexibility to create any control plan greatly benefits users. To meet the requirements of lighting scene activation and scene presetting, staff simply need to press buttons on the control panel and program controls for various functions, making the operation straightforward. (3) It is unrestricted in scope, with the system's comprehensive management of the entire stadium having standardized interfaces, facilitating communication between the gymnasium and upper-level management systems. It can report lighting status, data information, and receive instructions from the upper level at any time, thereby enabling comprehensive control and management of the lighting system.
Intelligent Lighting Control System for Table Tennis Venue
3.1 System Composition
(1) Sensors: The sensors encompass an imaging and lighting intensity sensing system that can continuously monitor the presence of individuals and the changes in lighting levels near the ping pong table, simultaneously transmitting all monitored data to the information processing system.
(2) Smart Mobile Device: The smart mobile app allows athletes to input their preferred light intensity requirements based on their visual needs. These parameters are then transmitted to the information processing system via the app, enabling adjustments to the lighting intensity. For instance, if an athlete prefers to exercise under dim lighting, they can use the mobile app to send commands for adjusting the light intensity. These commands are transmitted to the information processing system, and to facilitate coordinated adjustments based on the athlete's instructions, the smart lighting system processor should be the primary tool used.
(3) Information Processor: The processing system distinguishes between command information transmitted from sensors and mobile terminals, sending different command information to lighting facilities. The lighting facilities will adjust the lights according to the command information.
(4) Smart Terminal: Adjusts lighting intensity. Executes commands by regulating the conduction angle of silicon and controlling the power supply on/off, thereby adjusting the lighting intensity.
3.2 Application Advantages
(1) Achieve intelligent switching of lighting equipment. This involves the image sensor monitoring the number of people on-site and, based on the power switch signals transmitted by the processing system, the lighting system terminal executes on/off commands in conjunction with the signal content, allowing the lighting system to control illumination in accordance with the number of people in the area. The responsibility of the image sensor is to detect and count the number of people inside the gymnasium, with one sensor installed on each ping pong table to enable real-time monitoring and headcounting of different zones. If there is no movement near the table, the sensor can transmit corresponding lighting signals to the processing system. It is essential to ensure a well-lit environment for the athletes' activity areas, while areas without athletes in motion are powered off after receiving signals from the intelligent terminal.
(2) Achieve intelligent adjustment of lighting comfort. By fully utilizing the advantages of light intensity sensors, this function is realized. Initially, signals are transmitted using light, and the lighting intensity parameters are adjusted intelligently based on the internal lighting conditions of the gymnasium. The light intensity sensor can sense the surrounding lighting conditions and adjust the signals according to the environment set by technicians, coordinating adjustments with relative brightness levels. The sensor needs to transmit signals to the processing system at regular intervals. The processing system distinguishes the transmitted information and issues commands to adjust the brightness of the lighting system, allowing the lighting intensity within the gym to adjust according to the natural light changes. However, the range of intelligent lighting adjustment within the gym should not be too large, and the number of adjustments should not be excessive. For example, the lighting system's adjustment time can be set to monitor and adjust every 2 hours. If the lighting changes significantly due to weather or human factors, strict control of the adjustment system should be implemented using internet technology.
(3) Implement a client-side adjustment mechanism for lighting intensity. The manual operation of the lighting system and the corresponding program system should be used together. For example, staff should download a mobile app capable of controlling the venue's lighting facilities, log into the app account to connect with the venue's lighting system. Adjust the brightness to the desired level for the staff's needs and set it within the app. The app will send the information commands to the management server system, which will then adjust the lighting intensity according to the athlete's instructions. To ensure the program's effectiveness, server communication should be prioritized, and the needs of the staff's exercise instructions should be fully considered. Utilize digital software technology and core products such as smart regulators to help the program operate smoothly. A good connection between the software and server allows the app to monitor and control smart lighting facilities in real-time, meeting humanized needs and satisfying the diverse visual requirements of the staff.
4. Application Scenarios
System Features:
1. Switch Control: Achieve lighting on/off control for channels, corridors, public areas, stairwells, and meeting rooms based on individual lighting circuits, areas, and floors, while monitoring the switching status of controlled circuits.
2. Dimming Control: Meets the requirements for regional light intensity and brightness adjustment, supports monitoring light intensity or brightness in areas such as corridors, public spaces, stairwells, meeting rooms, etc., and automatically or manually adjusts the number of lights and brightness according to needs, fully utilizing natural light sources, saving energy, and creating a comfortable living and working environment.
3. Scene Control: Supports various scene mode controls. According to the functional requirements of different areas, set up scenes to complete the control combinations of related lighting fixtures, meeting the needs for beautifying the work environment and enhancing comfort.
4. Lighting Circuit Monitoring: Real-time monitoring of operating current and switch status in each lighting branch/circuit, with automatic analysis of any fault conditions and early warnings.
5. Zone and Central Control: Supports real-time monitoring of lighting status across various zones, floors, and buildings by operation and management personnel, and allows for zone, floor, and building-level partitioned control as well as centralized control as needed.
6. Real-time Alarms: In the event of module offline, gateway device disconnection, or inconsistencies between status feedback and control command dispatch, a fault alarm will occur. The fault alarm information will be logged and displayed on the interface, with the prompt content including fault time, module location, and fault description.
7. Historical Record Inquiry: Search for event records within any specified time period, supporting "Today," "Last 7 Days," and "Custom Time Frame" for historical event inquiries.
5. On-site Photos
6. Product Selection
7. Closing Remarks
The lighting system in the gym's ping pong court has issues such as complex design. To address these problems, the article proposes the introduction of an intelligent lighting control system. By utilizing a computer-based intelligent system, the lights can self-regulate based on the natural light levels within the venue and the number of people present, offering practicality.
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Wu Pinbo, design of an intelligent lighting control system for the gym table tennis court competition area.
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Chen Xiaoli, Wang Zhizhuo. Design of ZigBee-based Road Intelligent Lighting Control System[J]. Modern Electronic Technology, 2019, 42(12): 72-75.
Ankorri Enterprise Microgrid Design and Application Manual. 2022.05 Edition.
