The filter chamber of the solid-liquid separation equipment is mainly composed of a flat filter plate and a filter frame. The filter cloth is fixed on the plate frame, offering the advantage of easy filter cloth replacement. The filtering section is sequentially arranged on the main beam, consisting of filter plates, filter cloth sandwiched between the plates, and diaphragm filter plates. The alternating arrangement of filter plates, filter cloth, and diaphragm filter plates forms several independent filter units. When the filter chamber filtration begins, the slurry is pushed by the feed pump and enters each filter chamber through the feed opening on the thrust plate, where it is filtered using the pressure generated by the feed pump.

The filter plate surface features grooves, with the protruding parts used to support the filter cloth. The corners of the filter frame and plate have through-holes, which, upon assembly, form a complete passage for the flow of suspension, washing water, and the extraction of filtrate. Handles on both sides of the plate and frame are supported by crossbeams and are tightened by a clamping device. The filter cloth between the plate and frame acts as a sealing gasket. The suspension is forced into the filter chamber by a feed pump, forming filter cake on the cloth until the chamber is full. The filtrate passes through the cloth and flows along the grooves of the plate to the corner channels, where it is discharged. After filtration, washing water can be introduced to wash the filter cake.

　　The system is suitable for suspensions with high compressibility or near-incompressibility. The solid particle concentration of the suitable suspensions is generally below 1%, with operating pressures typically ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 MPa, and special cases up to 3 MPa or more. The filtration area can be adjusted by the number of plate-and-frame units used. The plates are usually square, with the internal side length of the filter frame ranging from 320 to 2000 mm, and the frame thickness from 16 to 80 mm, with a filtration area of 1 to 1200 square meters.

Filter press effluent is available in two forms: clear flow and hidden flow. The clear flow type refers to the filtrate being directly discharged outside the machine through the effluent holes of each filter plate, making it easy to monitor the filtration status of each plate. If impurities are detected in the filtrate of a particular plate, the effluent opening of that plate can be closed. The hidden flow type occurs when the filtrate from all plates combines and is discharged outside the machine through a single effluent pipe. This type is used for filtering suspensions with volatile filtrate or filtrate harmful to humans.

In summary, filtration equipment is primarily used for the separation of solids and liquids. The filtrate mud cake, after filtration, boasts a high solid content and excellent separation efficiency. The working principle is roughly as follows: the mixed liquid flows through the filtration medium (filter cloth), with solids remaining on the filter cloth and gradually accumulating to form a mud cake. The filtrate portion then permeates through the filter cloth, becoming a solid-free clear liquid. Besides the separation efficiency and the high solid content of the mud cake, it also provides an additional separation process, enabling the recovery of valuable materials and the production of a highly pure filtrate mud cake.