Cable: After the telephone converts the sound signal into an electrical signal, it is transmitted through the cable to the exchange, and then the signal is directly transmitted to another telephone for reception. The transmission line in this communication process is the cable. The cable mainly consists of copper core wires, with diameters of 0.32mm, 0.4mm, and 0.5mm, where a larger diameter indicates stronger communication capacity. There are also variations based on the number of cores, such as 5 pairs, 10 pairs, 20 pairs, 50 pairs, 100 pairs, 200 pairs, and so on, where the number of pairs refers to the number of users the cable can accommodate. There are also variations based on the packaging, but I am not well-versed in this aspect. Cable: It has a large volume and weight, poor communication capacity, and is only suitable for short-distance communication.
Fiber Optic Cable: After the telephone converts the sound signal into an electrical signal, it is transmitted through the cable to the exchange, and then the signal is sent to an optical-electrical conversion device (which converts the electrical signal into a light signal) through the cable to another optical-electrical conversion device (which converts the light signal back into an electrical signal), and then to the exchange equipment and finally to another telephone for reception. The line between the two optical-electrical conversion devices is the fiber optic cable. It is said that it only differs in the number of cores, such as 4, 6, 8, 12 pairs, and so on. Fiber Optic Cable: It has a small volume and weight, low cost, high communication capacity, and strong communication capabilities. Due to various factors, it is currently only used for long-distance and point-to-point (i.e., between two exchange stations) communication transmission.
Differences: The cable consists of copper core wires internally; the fiber optic cable consists of glass fibers internally. Fiber Optic Communication Cable: This is a communication line that consists of a certain number of optical fibers arranged in a specific manner to form the cable core, encased in a sheath, and sometimes covered with an outer protective layer to enable the transmission of light signals. Field tests have been conducted in Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, and other places. Soon after, it was tested as an inter-exchange line within the local telephone network. After 1984, it was gradually used for long-distance lines, and started to be adopted...Single-mode FiberOptical fiber cables have a greater transmission capacity than copper wire cables, offering longer relay distances, smaller size, lighter weight, and no electromagnetic interference. Since 1976, they have evolved into the backbone of long-distance trunk lines, urban relay lines, offshore and transoceanic submarine communications, as well as wired transmission lines for local area networks and private networks. They are now also being developed for urban user loop wiring networks, providing transmission lines for fiber-to-the-home and broadband integrated services digital networks. Cables are typically made by twisting several or groups of wires [each group containing at least two wires] into a rope-like structure, with each group of wires insulated from one another and often twisted around a central core, all encased in a highly insulated sheath; specifically referring to submarine cables: there are differences in material. Cables use metal materials (usually copper or aluminum) as conductors; optical fibers use glass fibers as conductors. Second, there are differences in signal transmission. Cables transmit electrical signals, while optical fibers transmit light signals. Third, there are differences in application scope. Cables are now mostly used for energy transmission and low-end data information transmission (such as telephones). Optical fibers are primarily used for data transmission.
3. The Difference Between Cables and Fiber Optics
Cables are generally considered to be wires made up of one or more insulated conductors enclosed in an insulating and protective sheath, used to transmit power or information from one place to another. Broadly speaking, they refer to devices that transmit electrical signals using metal as the medium.
Cables are defined as conductors. Generally, they are manufactured from the following metals:
Copper ranks second only to silver in conductivity and second to gold and silver in thermal conductivity. It is corrosion-resistant, non-magnetic, malleable, and easy to weld, with a wide range of applications. Copper alloys are primarily used to enhance the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical and physical properties of copper.
Silver has high electrical and thermal conductivity, excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance, and is easy to weld; primarily used for plating and cladding.
Gold and nickel, used for high-temperature wires.
Iron (steel), commonly used as reinforcing material for composite conductors, such as steel-core aluminum wires, copper-clad steel, aluminum-clad steel wires, etc.
Zinc, used as a coating for steel wire/steel strip/iron conductors, is applied to prevent corrosion.
Tin, used as a coating for steel/copper wires, serves to prevent corrosion and facilitates the welding of copper wires.
Fiber Optic
Fiber optics is an abbreviation for optical fiber, a technology that utilizes light...GlassA light-conducting tool achieved through the principle of total internal reflection in fibers made of or plastic. The concept that optical fibers could be used for communication transmission was first proposed by the late President of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kuan-tai Hau, and George A. Hockham. For this, Kuan-tai Hau was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize.Nobel Prize in Physics。
At one end of the fiber optic, a transmitter uses a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser beam to send light pulses through the fiber. At the other end, a receiver uses photosensitive elements to detect the pulses.
In everyday life, due to the significantly lower transmission loss of light in optical fibers compared to electricity in wires, optical fibers are used for long-distance information transmission.
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