The working principle and emission process of CO2 laser marking machines are relatively complex. CO2 laser marking machine molecules have three different types of motion.

The movement of electrons within molecules, which determines the electronic energy states of molecules.

The second is the vibrational motion of atoms within a molecule, where atoms around their equilibrium positions continuously undergo periodic vibrations, determining the vibrational energy states of the molecule.

The third is molecular rotation, where the molecule is considered as a whole rotating continuously in space, and this motion determines the rotational energy states of the molecule. Molecular movement is rather complex, thus leading to intricate energy levels.

CO2 molecules are linearly symmetrical, with two oxygen atoms on either side of the carbon atom, representing the balanced positions of the atoms. The atoms within the molecule are always in motion, continuously vibrating around their balanced positions. This is the working principle of a CO2 laser engraving machine.