In precision component machining, cutting tools greatly restrict product quality and production efficiency. Although the cutting principle of CNC turning is essentially the same as that of conventional lathes, due to the specific requirements of CNC machining, special attention must be given to the shape of the cutting edge when selecting tools, particularly when considering the geometric parameters of the machined parts. This is to meet the processing requirements of CNC turning and fully utilize the advantages of CNC lathes.
When machining, it's crucial to pay attention to the requirements of CNC lathes for tools. So, what are the specific requirements of CNC lathes for tools?
1. High strength. To accommodate large cutting depths and rapid feed rates during rough machining or processing parts with high-hardness materials, the tool must possess high strength. For long-handled tools (e.g., deep-hole boring tools), it should also offer better vibration resistance.
2. High precision. To meet the requirements of high precision CNC machining and automatic tool change, both the tools and their tool holders must possess high precision.
High cutting and feed rates are essential. To enhance production efficiency and meet the demands of certain special processing needs, cutting tools must be capable of accommodating high cutting speeds. For instance, when multi-crystalline diamond composite turning inserts are used for processing glass or carbon fiber composites, cutting speeds can reach up to 100M/min or higher.
4. High Reliability: To ensure the smooth operation of precision part processing without being affected by damage or potential defects other than the cutting tool, the tool and its combined accessories must possess excellent reliability and strong adaptability.
5. High service life. Continuous wear of the tool during the cutting process will lead to changes in the machining dimensions. As the tool wears, the cutting edge (or tip) will become dull, which will increase the cutting resistance, significantly improving the surface accuracy of the machined parts. The reduction will exacerbate tool wear and create a vicious cycle.
6. Excellent cutting and chip removal performance. The ability to effectively break and remove chips is crucial for ensuring the smooth and safe operation of CNC lathes.
Therefore, cutting tools used in precision part machining, whether for rough, fine, or special processing, should have a longer service life than standard lathes to significantly reduce the frequency of tool changes, sharpening, and tool setting. Ensuring the processing quality of parts and enhancing production efficiency, tools with extended service life can complete at least 1-2 shifts of processing.
