Drilling refers to the process of creating holes in rock formations from the ground using machinery or human labor. Typically, it involves boring wells for the exploration or development of liquid and gaseous minerals such as oil and natural gas, as well as for large-diameter water supply wells.

Common Drilling Methods:

顿钻 - Impulse Drill

Also known as a jumbo drill. It delivers the bit of the downhole drilling rig to the bottom of the well using a steel wire rope. The power-driven cantilever mechanism causes one end of the cantilever to move up and down, which in turn drives the steel wire rope and bit to create an upward and downward impact, breaking the rock. The jumbo drill has a slow drilling speed and low efficiency, and cannot meet the increasing requirements for deeper wells and complex formations. It has gradually been replaced by the rotary drill. However, it has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, and no contamination of the oil layer, making it suitable for some shallow, low-pressure oil and gas wells, and lost circulation wells.

Rotary Drill

Using the cutting or abrasive action generated by the rotating drill bit to fracture rock. This is the commonly used drilling method today. The Biton drill has a faster drilling speed and is easier to handle complex situations such as well collapse and blowouts.

According to the method of power transmission, the rotary drill can be further divided into two types: the rotary table drill and the downhole power drill. The rotary table drill is equipped with a rotary table at the wellhead of the drilling platform. The center of the table has a square hole through which the square drill rod at the top of the drill string passes. The square drill rod is then connected to the drill string and bit. When the power drives the rotary table, it rotates the drill string and bit together, breaking through the rock. The downhole power drill utilizes downhole power tools to drive the bit and break through the rock, with the drill string not rotating during drilling, resulting in less wear and is particularly suitable for directional drilling. The downhole power drills include turbine drills, screw drills, and electric drills, among others.

Underground power drilling tools utilize methods driven by drilling fluids, including turbine drilling tools, screw drilling tools, and impact-rotary drilling tools. They are characterized by fast footage, low drilling pressure, and high pump pressure. Suitable for directional drilling or drilling in special hard formations. Drilling equipment is divided into functional categories such as the rotary system, hoisting system, mud circulation system, power and transmission system, and control system.