Precision CNC lathe and CNC turning centers are widely used. Here, we provide a detailed introduction to the aspects of processing and technology that should be noted.
I. Selecting Cutting Parameters Appropriately
For high-efficiency metal cutting, the processed material, cutting tool, and cutting conditions are the three key elements. These determine the processing time, tool life, and quality. An economically effective processing method necessarily involves the rational selection of cutting conditions. The three elements of cutting conditions—cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut—directly cause tool wear. As cutting speed increases, the tip temperature rises, leading to mechanical, chemical, and thermal wear. A 20% increase in cutting speed can halve the tool's life.
Feed conditions and tool backside wear are generated within a smaller range. However, with larger feed rates, cutting temperatures rise, and backside wear increases. Its impact on the tool is less than that of cutting speed. Although the influence of cutting depth on the tool is not as significant as cutting speed and feed rate, when cutting at very small depths, the workpiece material can produce a hardening layer, which also affects the tool's lifespan. Users should select the appropriate cutting speed based on the material being processed, its hardness, cutting conditions, material type, feed rate, and cutting depth. The selection of suitable processing conditions is based on these factors. Regular and stable wear that reaches the lifespan is the ideal condition.
However, in actual operations, the choice of tool life is related to tool wear, changes in the size of the workpiece, surface quality, cutting noise, and machining heat. When determining processing conditions, research must be conducted based on the actual situation. For difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel and heat-resistant alloys, the use of coolants or selecting rigid cutting edges is recommended.
Selecting the Right Cutting Tools
When rough cutting, choose high-strength, durable cutting tools to meet the requirements of large depth of cut and large feed rate during the process.
When precision machining, choose high-precision and durable cutting tools to ensure the required level of processing accuracy.
3. To minimize tool change time and facilitate knife adjustments, it is advisable to opt for machine clamping knives and blades as much as possible.
III. Selecting Jigs Appropriately
1. Preferably use general-purpose fixtures to hold workpieces, avoiding the use of specialized fixtures.
2. The component positioning datum overlaps to minimize alignment errors.
Determine the processing route
The machining path refers to the relative movement trajectory and direction of the tool in the process of precision CNC lathe and CNC lathe machining.
1. Must ensure processing accuracy and surface roughness requirements.
2. Aim to minimize the processing route and reduce the idle time of the cutting tools.
Section 5: Processing Routes and Allowances
Under the condition that CNC numerical control lathes are not yet widely used, it is generally advisable to process excess stock on blanks, particularly that containing forge or cast hard skins, on regular lathes. If it is necessary to use a CNC lathe for processing, attention must be paid to the flexible arrangement of the program.
Six: Key Points for Fixture Installation
The connection between hydraulic collets and hydraulic clamping cylinders is currently achieved through rods. The key points for clamping with hydraulic collets are as follows: first, use a wrench to unscrew the nut on the hydraulic cylinder, remove the hose, and pull it out from the back end of the spindle. Then, use a wrench to loosen the collet fixing screws, and the collet can be removed.
