Different electromagnets operate in various ways; pull-push electromagnets and hold electromagnets are also distinct.

The slider electromagnet utilizes a coil to generate a strong magnetic force in a compact space. The assembled coil is encapsulated within a metallic iron tube, using high permeability steel to produce a substantial attractive force with minimal size and weight. The design of the movable iron core employs an auxiliary magnetic path to enhance the output force by 20% to 50%.

Retentive electromagnets leverage the advantages of permanent magnets. Their operating principle is similar to that of all linear electromagnets. When the coil is powered on, the movable core moves, and even after the power is turned off, the movable core remains in the powered position. This is because the permanent magnet generates a magnetic field to retain the movable core. After the power is turned on, the power can be disconnected, utilizing the magnet to maintain the position for energy-saving effects. By using a large amount of power instantaneously to generate a strong force, the magnet maintains it over a long period, preventing the coil from burning due to excessive heat.

Retentive electromagnets are divided into two types: single-retentive electromagnets and dual-retentive electromagnets.

Single-Coil Electromagnet: Utilizing a permanent magnet located at one end of the housing, its working principle is similar to that of all linear electromagnetic actuators. When the coil is energized, the slider moves towards the core and stops at the end position. Upon power disconnection, the slider remains in place. To return the slider, an opposing voltage or current must be applied. These electromagnets can be designed for both pull-in and push-out actions.

Dual Holding Electromagnet: A single holding electromagnet keeps the core only at one position at the end of travel, whereas a dual holding electromagnet uses a dual-coil structure with a permanent magnet located between the two coils. This design allows the core to be held at two different positions, both at the start and the end of travel, with equal output force at each position.

Single-pole electromagnetic iron: Features include stable operation, high precision, long service life, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly.

Double-Sided Retaining Electromagnet: Features bidirectional self-retaining characteristics, advantages such as energy-saving and environmental protection. Utilizes a high-power pulse current for instant startup, generating a significant initial force, then shuts off to self-retain, with a strong holding force. Widely used in DC charging gun electronic locks and AC socket electronic locks, etc.