The specific structure and composition of the electric spindle vary according to different application fields and their performance requirements. The main components include the shaft core assembly, motor, support components, cooling system, cylinder assembly, puller assembly, and gas seal assembly. The components and main functions of each main component are as follows:
Axial Core Components: These include components such as shaft cores and rotors, which are high-speed rotating parts and are one of the core components of the electrical spindle structure. They are crucial for important performance indicators such as the axial core component's deflection, vibration, and motor performance; the manufacturing process requires high precision in shape, size, and position tolerance.
High-Speed Electric Motor: Comprising both the stator and rotor sections, it is one of the core components of the electric spindle drive system. Its primary function is to drive the shaft core (rotor) to achieve high-speed rotation, which is crucial for the performance indicators of the electric spindle, including speed, power, torque, and current.
Supporting Components: Including precision bearings, bearing bases, inner/outer ring covers, pre-tensioned disc springs, and other accessories, these are core components of the electric spindle rotation support system. Their primary function is to support the shaft core (rotor) for high-speed rotation; the bearing's maximum speed is related to the electric spindle's speed, while the bearing's precision grade affects the electric spindle's static rigidity and the shaft core's rotational accuracy.
The cooling system, consisting of components such as the housing, cooling passages, and aluminum water jackets, forms the core part of the cooling and heat dissipation system for the electric spindle. The majority of the heat generated by the electric spindle is carried away by the circulating cooling channels, ensuring stable performance indicators. For various types of high-speed motors, the design of the cooling channels requires a substantial amount of testing and experimental data.
Cylinder Assembly: Comprising components such as pistons, cylinder bodies, push rods, cylinder tops, and reset springs, it is one of the core parts of the electrical spindle lathe system. Its structure is typically single-acting or double-acting, and its working life and reliability are crucial to the stability of the electrical spindle lathe system.
The Lathe Component: Comprised of parts such as collets, pull rods, collet springs, and adjusting washers, it is one of the core components of the electrical spindle lathe tooling system. Its working life and reliability are crucial to performance indicators such as the lathe tooling force, tilt, and vibration.
Airtight Component: Comprising two parts, the central exhaust airtight seal and the main shaft front-end protective airtight seal, it is made up of parts such as the protective cover, shaft sleeve, bearing housing, housing body, aluminum water jacket, tie rod, cylinder, etc., and is one of the core components of the dust-proof and airtight seal for the electric main shaft. The central exhaust airtight seal prevents the cooling fluid of the tool and metallic powder particles from entering the shaft core during tool replacement, thus affecting the performance of the main shaft's offset, vibration, and clamping force. The main shaft front-end protective airtight seal uses a combination of annular airtight seals and mechanical seals to prevent the cooling fluid and metallic powder particles from entering the main shaft, affecting the rotation accuracy and service life of the main shaft front-end bearing.
