The spray system is the "circulatory system" of closed-loop cooling towers, and its performance and stability directly determine the tower's heat exchange efficiency and operational reliability.

The sprinkler system is composed of four main subsystems: water supply, distribution, recovery, and filtration, ensuring even water distribution over the coil surface and effective circulation.

Sprinkler Pump

Component Description: Typically a centrifugal pump, serving as the power core of the entire spray system.

Core Function: Supplies the necessary pressure and flow for the sprinkler water, transporting water from the collection tank to the distribution system at the top of the tower. Its head and flow must match the tower's design.

2. Spray pipe system

Component Description: Includes headers, branch pipes, as well as related valves, flanges, and fittings.

Core Function: Forms the conduit for the spray water. Pipelines are typically made of PVC, galvanized steel, or stainless steel (such as 304/316) to prevent corrosion and scaling.

3. Water Distribution System (Spray Irrigation Distribution System)

This is a crucial component for ensuring efficiency, primarily taking two forms:

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Component Description: Composed of multiple solid cone or hollow cone nozzles.

Core Function: Evenly spray water into fine droplets, maximizing coverage of the lower coil surface to prevent "dry spots."

Gravity Disc Drip Irrigation

Component Description: Achieved by creating an opening at the bottom of the pipe or installing an overflow channel.

Core Function: Utilizes gravity for water to naturally fall, creating a water curtain. Advantages include large aperture, resistance to clogging, and suitability for hard water or scaling environments.

4. Spray Tank/Sump

Component Description: Located at the base of the tower, designed for collecting the spray water that falls through the packed material and coil.

Core Function: Stores sprinkler water to provide suction conditions for the pump. Typically equipped with a refilling port, overflow port, and drainage port.

5. Filtration Unit

Component Description: Typically a Y-type filter or basket filter, installed in the inlet pipeline of the pump.

Core Function: Retains suspended particles, impurities, and scale in water, preventing nozzle and coil blockages, and is a crucial protective component for maintaining the system's efficient operation.

6. Sprinkler Water

Component Description: The working medium of the system.

Core Functionality:

Direct Evaporation Cooling: Water evaporates on the surface of the coil, absorbing heat from the process fluid inside the coil, which is the primary method of heat dissipation.

Heat Transfer by Convection: Low-temperature spray water comes into contact with the high-temperature coil surface for convective heat exchange.

Clean Coiled Tubing: Continuous water flow can rinse away dust on the surface of the coiled tubing, keeping it clean and indirectly enhancing heat exchange efficiency.