Principle of Magnetic Flocculation:
According to the principles of coagulation, the addition of coagulants primarily alters the surface properties of colloids or suspended particles, making the attractive energy greater than the repulsive energy to promote aggregation. The role of flocculants is mainly to aggregate particles by bridging.
The formation process of magnetic flocs is identical to that of non-magnetic flocs, both being completed under the action of coagulants. The test results of the ζ-potential of magnetic powder indicate that the surface of the magnetic powder is negatively charged (ζ = -10.5 mV). From this, it can be inferred that the formation of magnetic flocs follows these steps: Firstly, the positive ions produced by the hydrolysis of the coagulant accumulate around the negatively charged colloidal particles and magnetic powder particles due to the adsorption and electrical neutralization effect; then, due to the disappearance of electrostatic repulsion, the colloidal particles and magnetic powder particles grow larger through van der Waals attraction between them and within themselves; finally, through the bridging action of the flocculant, the aggregates are further flocculated into large flocs and precipitated. Thus, the magnetic coagulation reaction involving magnetic powder is essentially the same as the coagulation reaction without magnetic powder. The coagulant's mechanism of action applies equally to the magnetic powder, as do existing coagulation theories, which are also guiding for magnetic coagulation reactions. All enhanced coagulation measures will promote the magnetic coagulation reaction.
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