When processing titanium alloys in a vacuum furnace, it is not advisable to use nitrogen as the cooling gas, as titanium reacts with nitrogen at high temperatures to form golden titanium nitride.

All connections of the vacuum furnace are sealed with O-shaped rubber rings, and this section is cooled by water circulation.

3. Quenching workpieces under vacuum requires the use of vacuum quenching oil, which has a lower saturated vapor pressure.

4. Maintenance of the vacuum furnace should be conducted under vacuum or pure nitrogen conditions to prevent moisture absorption when not in use.

5. The pressure rise rate of domestic vacuum furnaces should not exceed 1.33 Pa/h, while some foreign companies' standards are 0.67 Pa/h.

6. Vacuum heating primarily via radiation; maintain spacing between workpieces within the furnace.

During the heating process, the workpiece and materials inside the furnace will release gas, causing the vacuum level to decrease.

8. The heating temperatures for vacuum tempering, vacuum annealing, vacuum solution treatment, and vacuum aging are generally the same as those for conventional processing.

The vacuum tempering furnace should be equipped with a quick cooling device. The pressure of the cooling water should be greater than 0.2 MPa, and the flow rate should be adjustable.

Cooling Gas: Steel typically uses nitrogen with a purity of 99.995%, high-temperature alloys use nitrogen or argon with a purity of 99.999%, and titanium alloys use argon with a purity of 99.995%.

11. Heating: After inserting the workpiece, it is generally necessary to pre-evacuate to 6.67 Pa before heating.