Proper, timely, and frequent maintenance is crucial for the survival of newly planted trees. As the saying goes, "Three parts planting, seven parts nurturing." The survival and maintenance of seedlings is the key.

Maintenance and management primarily involve several key aspects of work:

Irrigation and Drainage: Adequate, reasonable, and timely water supply is crucial for the survival of trees. Generally, trees should be watered five to six times in the first year after planting (depending on specific circumstances), especially during hot and dry periods. It is ideal to maintain soil moisture content at over 60%. During rainy seasons, it is particularly important to prevent soil from becoming waterlogged. In addition to ensuring proper drainage for green spaces, it is advisable to add soil at the base of the tree, raising the soil surface of the tree ring slightly above ground level to prevent the tree from being submerged.

2. Canopy Spraying: When planting evergreen species or during off-season planting, it is generally necessary to spray water on the trees after planting. The ideal time for spraying is before 10 AM and after 4 PM. Currently, antitranspiration agents are widely used.

3. Pruning Period, Supplemental Pruning, and Bud Removal: It is crucial to determine the right pruning period, as it can affect survival rates. For instance, walnuts have a characteristic that pruning during dormancy can lead to excessive sap flow, which can cause significant water and nutrient loss, weakening the tree and potentially leading to branch death. Therefore, autumn pruning yields better results.

When planting, if the seedlings show slow germination, leaf expansion, or branching, and wilting of leaves that do not improve after watering, spraying, or foliar feeding, supplementary pruning can be done. Trim off some branches and leaves without affecting the tree's shape, even top-cutting or stubbing to reduce evaporation and promote survival. Also, address the issue of dead or weak branches caused by improper bud placement or unsuitable cut bud, by pruning away the dead, weak, and suckering branches.

4. Proper Fertilization: After planting the trees, it was found that the underground root system recovered slowly, unable to absorb sufficient water and nutrients to meet the growth needs of the above-ground parts. At this point, it is appropriate to irrigate with growth stimulant solutions such as naphthalene acetic acid or Rooting Powder No. 3 to stimulate the rapid development of new roots. At the same time, apply organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, and foliar sprays in a reasonable manner.

5. Soil Loosening and Weed Control: Loosen the soil to retain moisture and enhance soil aeration; remove weeds to prevent them from affecting tree growth and reduce competition for water and nutrients.

6. Survival Survey and Replanting: Conduct surveys on seedling survival rates, promptly remove dead seedlings for replanting, and reduce the sources and hosts of plant diseases and pests.

7. Pest and Disease Control: The focus of pest and disease control efforts is to adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive management." It is essential to understand the patterns and characteristics of pest and disease occurrences, including their causes, environmental relationships, timing, locations, and scope. By identifying their vulnerable points, we can develop practical and effective control measures.

8. Tree Protection and Cold Protection Measures: The foundation of tree protection lies in adhering to the growth and development规律 of trees, seeking economically feasible and minimally or almost non-harmful measures under the premise of顺应 nature, striving for aesthetic appearance. This includes repairing tree holes and scars, installing shade nets to prevent excessive sunlight, reducing water evaporation, and preventing tree dehydration and death.