详情描述
In the construction industry, as the use of steel structures in factory buildings becomes more widespread, the manufacturing, transportation, and installation technologies of these steel structures are gaining increasing importance, and they are also experiencing rapid development and continuous improvement. How to further enhance the precision of manufacturing and installation for steel structure factory buildings while reducing costs is a challenge facing the industry. Currently, the national regulations and industry standards have already made many provisions in this area, setting requirements for every step from component cutting to completion.
To enhance the installation accuracy of steel structure factory buildings, this document analyzes and summarizes the critical issues and specific control methods that must be given high attention during the manufacturing, transportation, and installation stages. Here, we lay down a cornerstone for discussion and exchange with our peers.
One, Control of steel structure factory building manufacturing and transportation.
The precision in the dimensions of steel structural workshops is a fundamental and prerequisite condition for ensuring the overall structural accuracy and smooth installation. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately control factors such as the straightness and twist of steel columns, the distance from the connecting holes between columns and beams to the bottom plate, the machining precision of the connecting holes themselves, the straightness of the roof beams and the processing precision between the beam-column connection plates, the positioning dimensions of the tie rods or support connection plates on the beam-column, and the dimensions of the rafter support plates.
Currently, the columns in steel structure factory buildings are made from externally purchased H-beams processed or assembled from plates. If prefabricated H-beams are used for processing, the precision of the column production is easier to control; if assembled from plates, attention must be paid to shaping the steel column after assembly and welding to ensure straightness and prevent warping. The roof beams are mostly in an A-frame structure, often assembled from two or four units. The roof beams are generally assembled from plates by the manufacturer, and the webs often take an irregular quadrilateral shape. Factories with strong technical capabilities can accurately control the layout and cutting of the webs, while those with weaker technical capabilities often have deviations in the layout dimensions of the webs. Due to the shape and size of the roof beams, which relate to the tightness of the connection between the beams and columns, the size of the webs directly affects the shape and size of the beams, making it particularly important. In the design of general steel structure factory buildings, there is often a certain requirement for the arching of the roof beams, the purpose of which is to counteract the downward deflection of the beams caused by their own weight and the roof load after overall installation, thus achieving the installation size. The height of the arch is determined by the design. To ensure the arching, the dimensions of the roof beam's shape must be adjusted accordingly. From this aspect, the difficulty in manufacturing beams is far greater than that of columns. During our on-site inspection, we focus on checking the shape and size of the beams against the beam end connection plates to ensure the overall effect after installation and to guarantee the tightness between the beams and columns.
