Myriophyllum

Roots grow in the mud, with the entire plant submerged in water, equipped with well-developed aerenchyma for gas exchange. Leaves are typically narrow and elongated or filamentous, capable of absorbing nutrients from the water and can grow normally even under weak underwater light conditions. They have specific water quality requirements as turbid water can hinder photosynthesis. Flowers are small with a short blooming period, primarily valued for their foliage. Submerged plants absorb nutrients from the water, including nitrogen and phosphorus, during growth. For eutrophic lakes and wetlands, planned annual harvesting of submerged plants can effectively transfer excess nutrients, playing a positive role in alleviating eutrophication. Submerged plants play a crucial role in maintaining the clear water stability of lakes. With the disappearance of submerged plants, lakes can transition from clear to turbid water, a process known as state transformation. An important task in lake ecological restoration is to transform lakes from turbid to clear water states through the recovery of submerged plants. Generally, submerged plants with low intrinsic stability can serve as pioneer species in aquatic ecological restoration.